Friday, August 21, 2020

Paper_8 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Paper_8 - Essay Example I am mindful of at any rate one episode where a man had his clinical records utilized without his assent and the records coincidentally uncovered his personality. Therefore, numerous individuals in his locale found subtleties of his clinical history that he wished to keep hidden! Constraining people to uncover clinical data without their assent likewise crosses paths with the Fifth Amendment's disallowance on taking private property for open use without just pay. All things considered, individuals do have a real property enthusiasm for their private data; subsequently limitations on a person's capacity to control the spread of their private data speaks to a huge administrative taking. The takings proviso is intended to forestall this sort of penance of individual property rights for more prominent's benefit. To the degree these guidelines penance singular rights for the sake of a bureaucratically-decided normal great, they are incongruent with a free

Tuesday, July 14, 2020

Paternity Leave Why We Need it and How to Do it Right

Paternity Leave Why We Need it â€" and How to Do it Right We need paternity leave. And we need more of it.Men, women and children benefit from it. At the same time the societal meaning of paternity leave is very much undermined by governments, employers, and even fathers and mothers around the globe.While the world largely agrees about the advantages of having maternity leave and the principle is applied in law and business, men struggle to find the same recognition for their need to be full time fathers in the first days of welcoming a new child in the family.Paternity leave is usually a lot shorter, and worse paid than maternity leave.What is more, men who take full advantage of their paternity leave often feel more prosecuted, judged and pressured afterwards to go back to the workforce and even compensate for the time they were missing.DO WE NEED PATERNITY LEAVE?The norm of paternity leave could be applied on a national level by the government or on a corporate level by the company.But let us strip for a second that term from all ties to laws and regulations. Let us forget international comparisons and statistics and just ask:Is it beneficial to society?According to one study from 2011, paid parental leave decreases the chance of neonatal and infant mortality rate by 10%, and is associated with a 9% lower rate of mortality in children  under 5 years old.The help of the father in the early stages of motherhood provides for the early return of the mother to the workforce and is associated with increased rates of breastfeeding.Taking a break from work in any form is of course beneficial to a man’s overall health. One examination of the Swedish Multigenerational Register even indicated fathers, who did take their paternity leave in Sweden in late 20th century, showed significantly lower risk of early mortality.Learn more about the benefits of paternity leave by watching this video: Young fathers suffer from gender inequalityThe imbalance between maternity and paternity leave is a leftover from another era.Women’s a bility to bear children, as the greatest difference between genders, has always been at the center of all arguments for inequality.Historically, it does make sense that for the larger part of society’s development women were taking care of the family and the home, while men provided.After a large majority of women entered the workforce mainly as one of the consequences to the World War II, a huge feminist movement has been activated to fight discrimination. Women had to be able to work, without being the victims of ill-natured expectations and false-moral preachings.And while it is widely recognized that women have a new role in society, the new, complementing role of men, is not as popular, protected or regulated â€" for example, women are still favored in child custody court battles.And another example, statistics show, is that in most of western countries women are still able to take substantially longer child-related leave than men.Sweden was the first country to regulate paid paternity leave, and that happened as late as 1974. Thirty-nine other countries followed with introducing similar measures in the next 20 years. And about 80 more countries, in the 20 years to follow.And still, leave for men is shorter, worse regulated and worse paid than leave for women.Men want to leave but can’t afford itA Research in Great Britain has interesting outcomes. It discovered that the more disadvantaged the background of the father is, the less likely they are to take paternity leave.The likeliness of a man to take leave did not vary significantly by age, although it did raise slightly for the group aged between 30 and 34Only 67% of men with low education could afford to leave, in contrast with 86% of men with high educationAs high as 82% of white men enjoyed their time with their family, while other ethnicities showed an average as low as 68%63% of men with household income below ten thousand pounds took advantage of paternity leave, while for households with inco me above thirty-one thousand pounds that percentage went as high as 86%.DO WE GET PATERNITY LEAVE?Dads, consciously or unconsciously recognize the need of the family to be there. Researchers found out that fathers WILL take their time off work when children are born, REGARDLESS of whether it is provided by law or not.Still, most governments and businesses only provide short, inadequately paid leave for men.The United States of AmericaThe FMLA (Family and Medical Leave Act) provides 12 weeks of unpaid paternity leave.However, the Act has severe restrictions that leave about half of American workers out of its coverage.To qualify, a father has to have worked at least for a year for the government or a private business that has more than 50 employees.Parts of the USA have more generous provisions for dads on the state level. California was the first state to regulate paid paternity leave for all workers â€" at a minimum of 55% and up to 100%. States such as Rhode Island, Jersey and DC have followed with their own regulation.It is largely dependent on businesses to protect fathers and offer them to benefit from the company’s support after a child birth or adoption. Luckily, there are companies that do it right:Johnson Johnson offer 8 weeks of paid leave following childbirth or adoption, and an optional 9th week for personal needs.Facebook offers up to 4 months of paid leave, which can be distributed according to need, throughout the course of a year.Netflix allows employees to do with video streaming to take advantage of up to a year of paid leave.The European UnionSocial policy is normally a field where the European Union leaves decisions to the member states.As far as maternity leave is concerned, there is a common regulation the 1992 Pregnant Workers Directive stipulates for 14 weeks of maternity leave, where 6 weeks are mandatory before and/or after birth.The allowance during that period was to be decided by the member states. There was a push in 2010 to e xtend the mandatory maternity leave to 18 weeks, and to introduce paternity leave of at least 2 weeks throughout the Union, however, it was never excepted by the Council and was withdrawn back in 2015.Still, member states have their own regulation when it comes to that topic. A comparison from late 2016 shows a great overview of the contrast between paternity and maternity leave.Maternity leave:Most countries do have mandatory maternity leave regulations with 60% of member states with obligatory prenatal maternity leave and 78% with obligatory postnatal leave for women.On top of the obligatory leave, an amount of weeks is allocated as optional and left to the mother to choose.The average total prenatal leave is 6,5 weeks, whereas the average postnatal is more than double, at 15 weeks.The compensation to the mother during her maternity leave varies, but is most often between 80% and 100% of her salary.The shortest total maternity leave is offered to mothers in Portugal with 10 weeks. The largest maternity leave is offered in Bulgaria, with a total of 58 weeks, at a 90% pay of the mother’s salary.In contrast to those generous numbers, paternity leave is quite stingy.Paternity leave:Provisions for prenatal leave for men are scarce.Germany, Luxembourg, Austria, Cyprus, The Czech Republic, Croatia and Slovakia have all failed to introduce additional paternity leave. (Parental leave, which can be taken by either parent is available in some, but it is not guaranteed to the father the same as the maternal leave is to the mother.)For the rest, the average paternity leave period is 2,5 weeks, as opposed to the 15 weeks of postnatal leave, guaranteed to women.Only 42% of European Union member states compensate men for paternity leave at 100% of their salary, as opposed to 52% for women.Asian countriesChina. The amount of weeks a men is allowed to take off depends on his municipality of registration for social security. In Shanghai a man can have up to a 10-day paternity leave if the mother is older than 23. In Shenzhen, the period is extended to 15 days, under the same condition. Generally, throughout China, a father is allocated up to 2 weeks of leave.Japan. The country is very generous towards fathers, allowing for 52 weeks of paternity leave. However, a phenomenon is being observed, where only about 2% take advantage of their right. According to one study on the subject, the reason could be that men do wish to exercise their right but are wrongly convinced other men will cast them off for it â€" that there is a ‘perceived group norm’ to reject that privilege.South Korea. The country, indexed very high for gender inequality, is experiencing a shift of values. Both men and women are allowed to spend 1 year off work and with their child before it turns 9 years old. Even though paternity leave is regulated from as early as 1995, only 8,5% of men took advantage of their right in 2016, and even with a big leap for 2017, it was still just 13.4% wh o exercised their right to take time off that year.Singapore. From as late as 2017, Singaporean fathers are allocated 2 weeks of paid paternity leave, at the cost of the government. There is the restriction, however, that the father must have worked for the past 3 months before childbirth, and if they are self-employed, they should be able to prove they have not received income during paternity leave.HOW TO ASK FOR PATERNITY LEAVE?It is important to keep a healthy balance between your responsibilities as a family man and as an employee.Find out the laws and company rules, applicable to youAs discussed in the previous chapter, the amount of time you can take off varies a lot depending on the country you reside in and the company you are employed in.Do your research, get on the Internet, consult social workers.Make sure you know what you qualify for.Discuss it with the motherDespite what your government and your employer can offer you, or how you feel like, taking paternity leave must be a family decision. Factor in everything:Who wants to take care of the child?Who is the bread-winner of the household?Who will have it easier to go back to work?Can you/should you take your leave consecutively or simultaneously?If regulations allow for parents to choose who takes an allocated amount of weeks for parental leave, who will take advantage?If regulations are too strict, come up with a plan who will take sick/vacation days and how much you have. Come up with a plan for child care afterwards.Speak to HROnce you know what you want, discuss it first with HR.You need to make sure you are in the best legal situation for your child’s sake.Whether you are taking paid or unpaid leave, your place in the company should be protected.Double check if your preliminary research was correct about the rules and regulationsAsk if you need to fill in some papers in advanceAsk if there is any company policy to request and inform about paternity leaveAsk what to look out for â€" have oth er colleagues in similar situations experienced hostility or any attempts at repercussions for their absenceCome up with a planYou must have a plan before you discuss your upcoming leave with your direct manager.Present to him or her:The length of your leaveThe regulation under which you are using itWho can take over your tasksHow you plan to train your colleagues to perform your responsibilitiesHow you will be available for emergenciesEstablish some red lines â€" ‘I will not be available after 8:00 PM’Be open to a discussion but do not allow yourself to be pushed over completely.Discuss your plans with your successorsTogether with your direct manager, discuss your plans with the colleagues that are supposed to take over your work.Be kind and grateful. You are putting a new weight on their shoulders that they did not ask for.Do not shy away from explaining yourself â€" do mention you are doing this for your child. You are not going on a vacation.Ask for questions and stay availa ble to give further details to your plan. Even though someone else will perform it temporarily, it is still your job and you want it done right.Accept suggestions but stay on top. You team wants to rearrange your allocation of tasks â€" that is perfect. Just ask them to keep you up to date for when you have to take back over.Be available for emergenciesMake sure you leave your contacts, and availability hours for your colleagues to get in touch if they have questions.Give indications â€" most important customers, tricky situations or red flags, where they would have to contact you immediately.Try to come back ready and refreshedTry to take the last 2 days of your paternity leave just to yourself, if the situation allows it. Or at least take it slow. Get some more sleep, do some sports, take a stroll or do some yoga â€" whatever works for you.You will have a lot on your head in your first days back. Your colleagues will be eager to load off any tasks and information you had delegated them. You need to be fresh and alert.Even in the most welcoming environments, you can count there will be pressure for you to hop back on the horse fast, as if you just came back from the spa.Be respectful of those who took over your jobChances are you might hear some complaining for the extra work you caused.Listen closely and be grateful. Say ‘Thank you!’. Get your team some good donuts even.Do not allow yourself to snap, sulk or even look too tired. Yes, you were gone for your family, but the first signs of you feeling entitled, and you will be attacked viciously.Protect and assert yourselfA lot of men reject their right to use up their paternity leave for fear of prosecution and being passed over for promotions, projects and opportunities, because of their prolonged time off. They fear they will no longer be seen as committed, dedicated, available and capable.Make sure in the first days of your coming back you explain to everyone you are giving yourself X number of days bef ore you snap back into shape. You need to make it crystal clear your focus shifted from your work to your family ONLY temporarily. And you are back for the long run. ‘Just as it was before’.PATERNITY LEAVE â€" THE EMPLOYERS SIDEFirst off, let’s go through some don’ts.Worst employers mistakes in response to paternity leave requestsUNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCES DO NOT, WE REPEAT, DO NOT:Do not discourage your employee from leaving even if you need them â€" it is very bad for morale.Do not ask ‘How about your wife? Aren’t women supposed to take care of the kid?’Do not mislead the employee about the rules. You can easily slip into some nasty legal issues in this tricky subject.Do not bad-mouth your staff for ‘choosing the worst time to leave’.Do not bother the new dad with unnecessary information or questions when they are away.Do not burden them with unnecessary workload before or after their leave â€" they do not need to compensate for it.Do not treat your employee differe ntly because of the time off work they sacrificed to be with their family.DO: Make sure you know regulations.New fathers are often clueless or are doublechecking with multiple sources about any legalities concerning their new status as a parent.If you mislead them, intentionally or unintentionally, you might find yourself in legal trouble.DO: Be flexible.Listen to your employee and allow them to stay engaged with the work process if they want to, or shut down completely if they want to. You can make suggestions to their plan but do not be aggressive.DO: Be real.Do not shy away from explaining to your employee that their absence will put a strain on the team.Tell them you are supportive of their decision, but make sure you ask them to follow through with a strict plan so that their leave does not end up being detrimental to the team’s work.Offer your help to break the news and distribute tasks.DO: Look out for conflicts.Conflict resolution is amongst your main responsibilities as a manager.Caring for a child is generally considered an accepted value and therefore anyone who might have a problem with the new dad leaving, might keep it on the down low.That does not make it less toxic. It makes it more invisible.DO: Be fair.Not just to the new father, but to other team members. The absentee’s plan must include a strategy to go back to top shape after their leave.In return, explain to them that is the only way you can guarantee them fair treatment post-return.DO: Be the strongest link in the chain.Even if other team members are taking over the tasks, you are taking over the responsibility.You are ultimately liable for any mistake, challenge or success the team has to go through.Keep things under control.DO: Be supportive.Even if work is the most important focus for you, stay friendly.Do find the time before, during and after your employees leave of absence to ask them how the family is doing, and if they are finding their paternity leave to be a fulfilling expe rience.That should be the ultimate goal.CONCLUSIONWe have been conditioned to believe that participating in the workforce is the ultimate contribution to society that a man has to offer.With shifting values from gender-based societal organization towards gender equality, paternity leave is becoming better regulated and protected from governments and businesses.Still, there is definitely a stigma around men taking a leave of absence for the sake of their newborn, or when accepting a new child in the family thanks to an adoption.It is not an uncommon reality that governments need to catch up and bridge the gap between the needs of a people and the laws, providing for those needs.Until then it is up to individuals to recognize the benefits and follow the principles that will bring the ultimate wellbeing of their family.

Thursday, May 21, 2020

Case Study on Chilli Processing Plant - 949 Words

Case study of Chilly processing plant Date – 17/01/2012 Place – Bedia (Nimad) (district – Khargaun) In Nimad area there is a place Bedia which comes in Khargaun district, there is an SHG which runs by the Mr. Jain. They runs a chilly processing plant where they purchase the red dry chilly from market and sometimes direct from farmer and produce red chilly powder. They sell this powder to Vindhya Valley Company (semi government body) and sometimes in local markets. When we talked to Mr. jain about the processing plant that we have some SHG groups of horticulture, where†¦show more content†¦Here at first we should have plan to direct marketing because it will ensure us that this particular quantity of our final product will have to sell, according to that we can decrease our risk factor otherwise we can’t depend on retail market. Here other important factor is transporting cost. It also affects our selling price, so we should have already plan to our direct marketing on distance basis. Sometimes big company wants more products in that condition it would be negotiable. Sometimes company does agreements of final product purchasing where agreements can be on quantity basis or timely basis (like different quantity on different month), so it will be also profitable for us that for particular period we are ensure that this much our final product will sell, according to that we can manage our production cost. There are two different options for final product marketing. (1) First one is that if you have good relation in local markets and ensure about personal sufficient selling of final product through local market or dealers, which can be a good deal for you here you can manage your selling price in terms of transportation cost. (2) Second one is that if you have good agreements from big company on quantity basis or timely basis at suitable price, then here you can compromise with your transportation costShow MoreRelatedBangladesh Pure Food Ordinance-20058856 Words   |  36 Pagescourse made me to undertake the responsibility of preparing a project on â€Å"Bangladesh Pure Food Ordinance, 2005†.This report is required as a part of fulfilling the objectives of a project course (MKT-510) 1.3 Objective of the Study This report has an objective to study, measure and analyze the implication, implementation performance of Bangladesh Pure Food Ordinance, 2005. This report has divided into six major chapters, mainly focuses on 1. Pure food act of Bangladesh 2. Implications ofRead MoreChallenges and Opportunities of Rural Micro Enterprise in Malaysia5086 Words   |  21 Pagesto highlight in the perspective of micro enterprise. It explores the experience of rural micro enterprise (RME) entrepreneurs in Malaysia with reference to a preliminary survey conducted in Centre of Perak. In the study, 30 rural micro enterprises entrepreneurs were interviewed. The study finds that RMEs in the area play supporting role in the household economy. Common characteristics of RMEs are small in size and local market, lack of entrepreneurship culture in the area, lack of entrepreneurial attitudesRead MoreForms of Tourism4598 Words   |  19 Pagestourism, etc. FORMS OF TOURISM - DISPLACEMENT OF PERSONS In economic measurement, countries are usually interested in looking separately at effects whether they occur on their soil or within other economies. This issue is particularly relevant in the case of tourism which by nature supposes that individuals displace from one place to another. In order to make this analysis possible, it has been necessary to develop concepts which associate tourism and its activities with the residence of the individualRead MoreEtop Analysis of Nestle Strategic Management8752 Words   |  36 Pages| |OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY |4 | | | |SCOPE OF THE STUDY |5 | | | |BENEFITS OF THE STUDY |6 | | II |INDUSTRY BACKGROUND RELATED STUDIES |HISTORY OF CHOCOLATE |9 Read MoreOperational Strategy in Nestle24176 Words   |  97 PagesThe University of Nottingham The School Business Studies OPERATIONAL STRATEGY OF NESTLE BEVERAGES IN PAKISTAN Submitted by: Saad Ahmad Khan The dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the completion of MSc Operations Management July 2007 2 Table of Contents Topic 1) Introduction What is strategy? 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The decision to set up industrial operation in new market needs a lot of research, as there are various factors that effect the growth of the organization and turnsRead MoreChocolate Industry in India10906 Words   |  44 PagesSummary An Analytical Study of Chocolate Industry in India with Special Reference to Cadburys India is a sweet CHOCOLATE story of chocolates in the hot and humid plains of INDIA, which enlightens us about the size status of chocolate industry in India. The project gives information about the competitors, their market share, and their product basket and highlights success features. The project also presents data on types categories of chocolates, a brief study of chocolate manufacturing process

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Carl Rogers’ Theory of Personality - 1364 Words

Running head: PERSONALITY THEORY PAPER Personality Theory Paper Personality Theory Paper From the theories of Sigmund Freud to humanistic theories of personality, how one views others greatly influences how one sees the world and vice versa. Because the theories are so different—some suggesting that human nature is ill, evil, or bad, while others believe it is intrinsically good—it is easy to see why people’s views of others and the world are so different. However, each person has a single theory or belief that influences the way they others. For me, that theory is Carl Rogers’ theory of personality, and this theory greatly impacts how I view others in society and in the workplace, in addition to my own role in society and the†¦show more content†¦My role in society is different from how they perceive theirs. According to Rogers (n.d.), Carl Rogers strove to empower others to be the best that they could be through therapy, including therapy that involved giving of one’s personal self through relevant self-disclosure and thr ough really listening to a person’s problems (â€Å"Personality Synopsis, 2004). This is how I see my role in society. I see it as my responsibility to be the best I canShow MoreRelatedCarl Rogers Theory of Personality2519 Words   |  10 PagesCarl Rogers Introduction Carl Rogers is among the small group of enlightened, visionary individuals that stand as giants in the field of psychology. Due to the theories that Rogers developed not only in psychology but in theories of education, he is considered, as Constance Holden writes, †¦one of the grand old men of American psychology and a leading figure in the postwar development of humanistic psychology (Holden, 1997, p. 31). 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Not knowing what path to follow, not knowing if the energy and courage to discover the truths of ones own existence in this world exist. Some persons will drive past a street child on Cape Town roads and look sideways in horror, quickly lock a car door with an unapparent elbow; warm, safe, and comfortable in the interior of a brand new sports model car. OthersRead MoreCarl Rogers’ Theory Of Personality. Personality Theories1093 Words   |  5 PagesCarl Rogers’ Theory of Personality Personality theories suggest explanations for behaviors and how to change them. Multiple personality theories exist however one of the most interesting is the theory of personality by Carl Rogers. 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As an added feature I have included myself as a theorist because my views are also different from the previous mentioned theorists. This paper will also look briefly into the background of each theorist because their views on life began in theirRead MoreCarl Rogers : A Humanistic Approach1295 Words   |  6 Pagessuch as Carl Rogers, who believe that people needed to be self-centered. As a result he created what is known today as the self-centered theory. Carl Rogers believed that being self-centered is essential to the client’s personal growth of self-esteem. Rogers’s theory can be broken down into many steps. All of these steps help the main purpose of his work, self-concept. This theory consists of many components all starting with this basics of his approach. Carl Roger’s self-centered theory was accredited

Lord of the Flies differences Free Essays

In Lord of the Flies there are some differences between the â€Å"Castle Rock† at the end of chapter six the Beast from the Air with the beach as it has been described throughout the book so far. The differences are the beach is used for the littluns to play and build sand castles. While the Castle Rock has just been discovered and Jack said, â€Å"What a place for a fort! † meaning that he is thinking about something and will use it as a protection or safe place. We will write a custom essay sample on Lord of the Flies differences or any similar topic only for you Order Now Lastly the beach has more resources to offer than the Castle Rock. The Castle Rock is more like a hiding place for them and while the beach is a place for them to stay and occupy. To commence, the Castle Rock and the beach are a place on the island, but the Castle Rock is a place up on the mountain top as Ralph, â€Å"led the way over the rocks inspected a sort of half-cave that held nothing more terrible than a clutch of rotten eggs†¦Ã¢â‚¬  While the beach is where the water pool is and the shelters. The shelters are beside the beach where the boys sleep built by Simon and Ralph and with others that helped out. As William Golding describes the Castle Rock as a place that has â€Å"rotten eggs† meaning things that are not useful and the beach has boys that some stay there not being useful by not helping out the others boys. Furthermore, the beach is where the littluns play and build their sand castles whereas the Rock Castle is just observed and walked by Ralph, Jack and the hunters and this place they are not familiar with. The littluns construct castles and use their imagination, â€Å"round the castle was a complex of marks, tracks, walls, railway lines†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Golding tells the reader that the littluns miss their home so they build these castles to keep their hopes up that there will be a day they will be back home. The Rock Castle is a place that Jack said would be for a fort but Ralph does not like the idea while Jack is so excited and building up ideas as he is at the Rock Castle. The beach is where the boys are comfortable and feel safe but in the Castle Rock they still do not have that comfort level because, â€Å"some of the boys wanted to go back to the beach. Some wanted to roll more rocks. †On the other hand the beach there is fruit that the littluns can reach and eat; they have water, the pool that is supposed to be used as a lavatory, and space where they can play around. But in the Castle Rock like Ralph said â€Å"there’s no food here, and no shelter, not much fresh water,† there are more advantages in the beach than in the Castle Rock because there are more resources for them to use in the beach than on the mountain top. As Golding describes the scene of the Castle Rock is like a very small place and not enough room for things or people to hide, â€Å"because you can see. Nothing goes in or out. † And â€Å"there was nowhere to hide, even if one did not have to go on. † Castle Rock is different than the beach because this is where they believe that the â€Å"beast† has landed. Simon felt a flicker of incredulity, â€Å"a beast that scratched, that sat on a mountain-top, that left no tracks and yet was not fast enough to catch Samneric. † This is what Simon believes a beast would be at, but never thinks it could be at the beach. But is this beast they are talking illusions of human beings acting like the â€Å"beast† or is it really a creature? Because the â€Å"beast could represent themselves but now some of them are getting scared of each other that they think this is the â€Å"beast†. Maybe Jack later on will want the Castle Rock and go live over there because â€Å"Jack was excited! when they had reached Castle Rock therefore given an inference that Jack will want to occupy this place and abandon the beach where mostly the majority has stayed. Last of all, in the island where the boys had been stranded the beach is only there real shelter, water, and fruit for the littluns, the pool for lavatory, for littluns to play, build sand castle, and for the biguns to relax and let the sun tan there skin. Whereas in the Castle Rock it is a place half-cave with â€Å"rotten eggs† as I refer to things that are not useful around just like some of the boys at the beach that are not useful and do not cooperate with the others. The Castle Rock is limited to few things that the beach offers, it has less space, not too much water, and it is more of an area to be a fort. Jack is so excited about this place that he wants to stay there to build a fort, but Ralph does not like the idea because he is a person that thinks long term meaning will or is there enough food, water, and shelter, where Jack is a person that just goes for his needs and thinks only for himself. How to cite Lord of the Flies differences, Essay examples

Friday, April 24, 2020

The Body Mass Index Essay Example

The Body Mass Index Paper The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a ratio between the height and weight of a person, calculated by the weight of the person (in kilograms) by their height squared (in metres). Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR) is considered to be the factor that signals female fertility and health. This is because healthy, premenstrual women deposit fat on their lower body parts resulting in a feminine characteristic, whereas males deposit fat on their upper body parts. When considering the influence of WHR, alone, on attractiveness lower values of the WHR are considered to be more attractive, with values between 0.6-0. 7 being maximally attractive. Attractiveness is not only based upon the WHR but also on the BMI. Females with very low BMI values (underweight) and very high BMI values (overweight) are considered to be unattractive, with the middle of the BMI value range considered to be attractive and healthy. However, it is that influences of both these factors have upon the perception of attractiveness that has lead to research. Many experiments have been conducted in order to understand which of these two contributing factors are more important in the perception of female attractiveness. Findings by Devendra Singh (1994) conclude that both men and women judged heavier female images with low WHRs as more attractive and healthier than thinner images with higher WHRs. These results show that both the WHR and BMI are considerable contributing factors to the perception of attractiveness. The ideal image has stemmed many other research ideas and it has been found that women chose thin female figures as ideal and perceive their own figure as fatter than the ideal (Fallon and Rozin 1985, cited in Singh 1994). We will write a custom essay sample on The Body Mass Index specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Body Mass Index specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Body Mass Index specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Also, women choose their ideal figure to be much thinner than what they believe to be mens perception of attractive (Fallon and Rozin 1985, cited in Singh 1994). Studies have lead to the assumption that the WHR and BMI influence different aspects of images that all amalgamate into the perception of how attractive that image is. BMI seems to be more influential in the perception of youthfulness (Singh 1994) and studies have found that WHR could be related to fertility and the tendency to give birth to males, rather than females (Tovee Cornelissen, 1999). Previous studies have indicated that the BMI is the more influential factor in the perception of attractiveness accounting for more than 70% of the multiple regression analysis where WHR accounts for just 2%. This would suggest that the result of this experiment would be similar and that BMI is the more important contributing factor. However, as mentioned previously, Singh (1994) concluded that women judge perception of attractiveness taking into account the WHR more than the BMI. It has been suggested that in modern society a premium has been placed on thinness and thus it has resulted in the general assumption that thin is attractive. This has certainly been the case in more Westernized civilisations where low WHR is preferred. However, in more traditional societies a higher WHR is preferred as higher WHR is related to the reproduction of sons. So, in societies that value sons over daughters a more tubular shaped women is preferred. This may also be due to the medias representation of attractive, which in many societies is thin, thus partly explaining the obsession with dieting and the struggle to become thin. This brings notice to the problems of eating disorders and how they affect an individuals perception of attractiveness. Morris et al (1989) found that over a 20 year period (1959-1978) the weight of Miss America Pageant contestants and Playboy centrefolds significantly decreased. However, it was also found that average waist size increased and bust and hip size decreased, resulting in a more tubular shaped woman. The overall conclusion was that over the last three decades a significant change in the idealized female body shape has occurred. However, later studies showed that Morris et al results were inaccurate and that when the actual WHRs were computed they remained within a feminine 0. 68-0. 72 range thus, clearly showing that the subjects were not becoming a more tubular shape (Singh 1994). Hypothesis: BMI will be significantly more important than WHR in determining the attractiveness of a female body. Null Hypothesis: There will be no significant difference between the BMI and WHR in determining the attractiveness of the female body Method Apparatus: The only apparatus involved was the actual computer programme. The computer programme involved a number of images of the shape of the female body. These images were in black and white and the figure wore a skin tight leotard. The faces were blurred out so there was no bias in the attractiveness of the facial features. Subjects: The entire psychology class took place in the experiment. The gender of the group was mixed. Although a large proportion of the class was female. The age of the stage two students was predominantly between 19-22 years of age. They were nai ve in the intended outcome of the study at this point. Procedure: The Body Mass Index (BMI) and the waist-to-hip ratio were being investigated. The subjects were presented with a series of 50 female images in front view on a VDU screen. The images varied in Body Mass Index and in waist-to-hip ratio. The subjects were then asked to rate each image on a scale of 0-9, typing their rating into the computer. The first time the subjects went through a practice run so that they could gage their general idea for the ratings. The second time the results were counted and saved, and pooled together with the rest of the classs results.

Tuesday, March 17, 2020

A Lesson Before Dying essays

A Lesson Before Dying essays Throughout the duration of the book, the main character endured numerous challenges and problems. The main characters challenges and conflicts encountered resulted in a variety of outcomes. In the novel A Lesson before Dying Grant the main character of the novel, Grant is the son of cane-cutters on a Louisiana plantation. When his parents moved to California leaving Grant behind, Grant's aunt took responsibility for his upbringing. Over the next few years, he worked as the Pichots' errand boy. He fetched wood in the winter and flowers in the spring. He bought food for their larders. He resented his position, but it was the only one available to him. When he was old enough, he left the plantation to attend college. Upon arriving in Bayonne, he discovered that he was still a "nigger" in the eyes of the white people. Grant often criticizes his society. He bitterly resents being treated like an inferior, and he cannot stand to think of Jefferson's unjust imprisonment. For most of the nov el, however, he never seems to do anything about these things. This is a severe problem that Grant faces where he bottles in anger and depression and does nothing about the situation. He longs to run away, essentially acknowledging that society will never change from the racism and violence he encounters from a day to day basis. Grant strongly believes that no one can change society without being destroyed in the process. Grants attitude towards society and life hinders his potential for positive change. His inability in supporting society and his community is also a problem Grant faces. Even Jefferson's trial cannot alter Grant's pessimistic attitude. Grant sees the wickedness of a system designed to uphold the superiority of one race over another. He views the judge and jury unjustifiable punishing Jefferson. Grant says that the judge was white, the lawyers were white, and every member of the jury was white as well. Grant continues to r...

Sunday, March 1, 2020

Biography of Norman Rockwell, American Painter

Biography of Norman Rockwell, American Painter Norman Rockwell was an American painter and illustrator best-known for his  Saturday Evening Post  covers. His paintings depict real American life, filled with humor, emotion, and memorable faces. Rockwell shaped the face of illustration in the mid-20th century and with his prolific body of work, its no wonder hes called Americas Artist. Dates:  February 3, 1894–November 8, 1978 Rockwells Family Life Norman Perceval Rockwell was born in New York City in 1894. His family moved to New Rochelle, New York in 1915. By that time, at age  21, he already had a foundation for his art career. He married Irene OConnor in 1916, though they would divorce in 1930. That same year, Rockwell married a school teacher named Mary Barstow. They had three sons together, Jarvis, Thomas, and Peter and in 1939, they moved to Arlington, Vermont. It was here that he got a taste for the iconic scenes of small-town life that would make up much of his signature style. In 1953, the family moved a final time to Stockbridge, Massachusetts. Mary passed away in 1959. Two years later, Rockwell would marry for the third time. Molly Punderson was a retired teacher and the couple remained together in Stockbridge until Rockwells  death in 1978. Rockwell, The Young Artist An admirer of Rembrandt, Norman Rockwell had a dream of being an artist. He enrolled in  several art schools, starting with The New York School of Art  at 14 before moving on to The National Academy of Design when he was just 16. It wasnt long before he moved on to The Arts Students League.   It was during his studies with Thomas Fogarty (1873–1938) and George Bridgman (1865–1943) that the young artists path became defined. According to the Norman Rockwell Museum, Fogarty showed Rockwell the ways of being a successful illustrator and Bridgman helped him out with his technical skills. Both of these would become important elements in Rockwells work. It did not take long for Rockwell to start working commercially. In fact, he was published many times while still a teenager. His first job was designing a set of four Christmas cards and in September 1913, his work first appeared on the cover of  Boys Life.  He continued working for the magazine through 1971, creating a total of 52 illustrations. Rockwell Becomes a Well-Known Illustrator At the age of 22, Norman Rockwell painted his first  Saturday Evening Post  cover. The piece, titled Boy with Baby Carriage appeared in the May 20, 1916, issue of the popular magazine. Right from the start, Rockwells illustrations carried that signature wit and whimsy that would make up his entire body of work.   Rockwell enjoyed 47 years of success with the Post. Over that time he provided 323 covers to the magazine and was instrumental in what many called The Golden Age of Illustration. One could say that Rockwell is easily the best-known American illustrator and most of this is due to his relationship with the magazine. His depictions of everyday people in humorous, thoughtful, and sometimes wrenching scenarios defined a generation of American life. He was a master at capturing emotions and in observing life as it unfolded. Few artists have been able to capture the human spirit quite like Rockwell. In 1963, Rockwell ended his relationship with the  Saturday Evening Post  and started a ten-year stint with  LOOK  magazine. In this work, the artist began to take on more serious social issues. Poverty and civil rights were at the top of Rockwells list, though he did dabble in Americas space program as well. Important Works by Norman Rockwell Norman Rockwell was a commercial artist and the amount of work he produced reflects that. As one of the most prolific artists in the 20th century, he has many memorable pieces and everyone has a favorite. A few in his collection do stand out, though. In 1943, Rockwell painted a series of four paintings after hearing President Franklin D. Roosevelts State of the Union address. The Four Freedoms addressed the four freedoms Roosevelt spoke of in the midst of World War II and the paintings were appropriately titled Freedom of Speech, Freedom of Worship, Freedom from Want,  and Freedom from Fear. Each appeared in the  Saturday Evening Post,  accompanied by essays from American writers. That same year, Rockwell painted his version of the famous Rosie the Riveter. It was another piece that would fuel patriotism during the war. In contrast, another well-known painting, Girl at the Mirror in 1954 shows the softer side of being a girl. In it, a young girl compares herself to a magazine, throwing aside her favorite doll as she contemplates her future. Rockwells 1960 work entitled Triple Self-Portrait gave America a look into the quirky humor of the artist. This one depicts the artist drawing himself while looking in the mirror with paintings by the masters (including Rembrandt) attached to the canvas.   On the serious side, Rockwells The Golden Rule (1961,  Saturday Evening Post) and The Problem We All Live With (1964,  LOOK) are among the most memorable. The earlier piece spoke to international tolerance and peace and was inspired by the forming of the United Nations. It was gifted to the U.N. in 1985.   In The Problem We All Live With, Rockwell took civil rights on with all his painterly might. It is a poignant picture of little Ruby Bridges flanked by the headless bodies of U.S. marshals escorting her to her first day of school. That day marked the end of segregation in New Orleans in 1960, a monumental step for a six-year-old to take on. Study Norman Rockwells Work Norman Rockwell remains one of the most beloved painters in America. The Norman Rockwell Museum in Stockbridge, Massachusetts was established in 1973, when the artist gave most of his lifes work to the organization. His goal was to continue to inspire arts and education. The museum has since become home to over 14,000 works by 250 other illustrators as well. Rockwells work is often loaned out to other museums and frequently becomes part of traveling exhibitions. You can view Rockwells  Saturday Evening Post  work on the magazines website as well. There is no shortage of books that study the artists life and work in great detail. A few recommended titles include: Claridge, Laura. Norman Rockwell: A Life.  New York: Random House, 2001.Finch, Christopher. Norman Rockwell: 332 Magazine Covers.  New York: Artabras Publishers, 1995.Gherman, Beverly and Family Trust Rockwell. Norman Rockwell: Storyteller With A Brush.  New York: Atheneum, 2000 (1st ed.).Rockwell, Norman. Norman Rockwell: My Adventures As an Illustrator.  New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1988 (Reissue edition).Rockwell, Tom. The Best of Norman Rockwell.  Philadelphia London: Courage Books, 2000.

Friday, February 14, 2020

Argumentative Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Argumentative Research - Essay Example Content not driven at the ideology of this political group or the government as a whole (for example either Tibetan or Taiwanese independence) is suppressed in the interests of the state (Hughes). Search engine giant Google has recently come under fire for complying with China’s standards of censorship. Opponents, like Frida Ghitis, accuse Google of selling out on its lofty and righteous corporate responsibility to the oppressed people of China. They claim that as Google puts profits above the people of China, they are compounding the problem by promoting a low standard of corporate ethics. Nevertheless, this view of Google and its ethical responsibilities is itself destructive and contradictory. Claiming that any corporation has a moral duty to serve the interests of anyone besides stockholders is patently absurd. Additionally, to think a corporation does have a moral duty threatens to subordinate businesses to the whims of societies (and, by proxy, their governments): the ou tcome Google’s opponents argue against. The question of Google allowing the Chinese government to censor its content drives a deeper issue: that of corporate social responsibility. This term refers to the moral kinds of obligations, if any, that businesses and corporations are committed to by virtue of being such entities. Obviously, many are favorable to the idea of corporations contributing in some way to social change, other than what some have called â€Å"economic imperialism†, where corporations â€Å"exploit† workers in third-world countries. Nevertheless, the ethics of corporate responsibility have not been well-justified, and are typically found only in the businesses’ models for making profit. Thus, on its face, it seems that â€Å"being responsible† for a corporation is good for business. It can benefit, first of all, brand

Saturday, February 1, 2020

LEGAL REASONING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

LEGAL REASONING - Essay Example The state offers tax exemptions on property left to spouses after the death of their partners (Wood, 2011). However, the state denied her request on realizing that she was married to a person of the same sex. There was a federal law in force in the US, the marriage act that defended marriage, DOMA, which failed to include a same sex partner in its definition of the term ‘spouse’ (Leonard, 2013). She decided to file a suit in court challenging the constitutionality of the federal law provision after agreeing to pay the taxes. Both the US Courts of Appeal and the US District Court delivered a ruling that the provision in the statute law was not constitutional and as such ordered the State of New York to issue a refund for the sum paid by Windsor in taxes for her property (Boies & Olson, 2008). The Supreme Court, in a similar case pitting the Governor of Utah and the Salt Lake City Clerk, in their capacities against Derek Kitchen, Kate Call, Kody Partridge, Moudi Sbeity, Laurie Wood and Karen Archer, did not uphold the decision by the state of Utah to ban marriages by same sex couples in 2004. The plaintiffs complained of abuse of their rights by the state of Utah, since it failed to recognize such marriages and accord them the recognition accorded to marriages between heterosexual partners (Engdahl, 2009). One of the reasons given by the Supreme Court to justify their decision in the appeal was that the provision of that federal law encouraged the curtailment of the right of all American citizens to marry any person of their choice (Leonard, 2013). Further, it would deny this section of the population their right to establish a family as they may will, raise their children as well as enjoy the unconditional protection offered by the laws of the State concerning marriages (Fredericks, 2009). Justice Kennedy posited that the Fourteenth Amendment in the US Constitution protected these rights. It has always been a

Friday, January 24, 2020

The Concept of Self-Efficacy Essay -- Self Efficacy Essays

The Concept of Self-Efficacy Self-efficacy, for the purpose of this study, may be defined as a person’s optimistic self-belief. This is the belief that a person can develop the skills to perform new or difficult tasks to cope with changes in health and functioning. When a person perceives self-efficacy, it will facilitate goal-setting, effort, investment, persistence, overcoming obstacles and recovery from disappointments and failures. It can be regarded as a positive outlook or proactive way to handle stress factors. It is the ability to successfully cope with health changes, and implies an internal and stable acceptance of changes and ability to successfully adapt to those changes. Perceived self-efficacy is functional in relationship to behavioral change, and health care maintenance or improvement. In health care, the concept of self-efficacy is important in developing effective strategies for health education and interventions. Self-efficacy emerged from theories related to motivation, competence and a feeling of control. Rodgers’ (1993) stated that the â€Å"evolutionary† method of concept analysis is used in clarifying the concept of interest. By following this approach, abstract characteristics of a concept can be identified and grouped for the purpose of developing a clear and useful definition of the concept. Once the concept is defined, a model case can be described to demonstrate the concepts attributes, antecedents, and consequence. A literary search and a grouping of characteristics will be used to process a constant comparative analysis and to refine the data into a clear and concise definition appropriate for our use. The term effectance is used to describe the motivational aspect of competence. The theory of motivation is not solely based on the basic animal instinct of drive. People are motivated to behave in certain ways because they perceive themselves as being able to effect a desired change. As a persons behavior is repeated and actually effects the desired change a person is providing reinforcement of their confidence in their competence at effect the desired change. The person is energized by the concept of self-efficacy and it’s feeling of empowerment. (White, 1959). Empowerment and control are essential to elements to self-efficacy. According to Bandura, early social learning theory of behavioral change... ...s all treatment and continues on the road of self-destruction. These examples show how self-efficacy in the health care field can be a valuable an necessary tool for improving health care, but like most concepts, self-efficacy is only as good as the person willing to practice it. It is not experienced by everyone and is impacted by self-esteem, self-confidence and many other variables. References Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a Unifying Theory of Behavioral Change. Psychological Review, 84, pp191-215. Gecas, V. (1989). The Social Psychology of Self-Efficacy. Annual Review of Sociology. 15, pp. 291-316. Maibach, E. & Murphy, D.A. (1995). Self-efficacy in Health Promotion Research and Practice: Conceptualization and Measurement. Health Education Research, 10 (1), pp. 37-50. O’Leary, A. (1985). Self-efficacy and Health. Behavioral Research & Therapy, 23, 437-451. Rodgers, L. & Knafl, K.A. (1993). Concept Development in Nursing: Foundations, Techniques, and Applications. (pp.73-92). Philadelphia, PA: W. B. Saunders. White, R.W. (1959). Motivation Reconsidered: The Concept of Competence. Psychological Review, 66 (5), pp. 297-331

Thursday, January 16, 2020

Health Reform Essay

The American Medical Association (AMA) has been a supporter of the Affordable Care Act. This health reform has given coverage to over 30 million Americans (AMA). â€Å"We continue to support the health reform law as an important first step in covering the uninsured and transforming our health care system, and we are working hard to make improvements in the law for patients and physicians,† said Dr. Jeremy A. Lazarus, incoming president of the AMA (AMA). Physicians have asked why the AMA has supported the health care reform bill so early is the process. Dr. James Rohack, the president of the AMA, has stated â€Å"there are several sensible reasons for this strategy: †¢The original bill contained a core set of high-priority provisions that our organization has long supported; †¢Bill sponsors were not likely to maintain the $230+ billion investment in Medicare physician spending if we did not register support for the bill (hospitals, the home health sector, Medicare Ad vantage plans and pharmaceutical companies are all facing cuts in the tens and hundreds of billions of dollars); and †¢As early supporters, we are well positioned to help shape revisions to this bill, as well as the final legislation that will ultimately be presented to the President.† The AMA is working with Congress and Administrators to ensure the best outcome for patients and physicians. This reform has promised goals that the AMA is working on to make sure they are achieved. These goals are as stated by the House of Represantives, †¢Extending coverage to the uninsured †¢Making investments in the physician workforce †¢Providing long-term relief from Medicare’s flawed physician payment formula †¢Increasing the nation’s focus on preventive care and wellness initiatives †¢Simplifying administrative burdens for patients and physicians Although working to ensure these goals are met, this organization also has three other goals they are working to achieve. These goals are 1) Eliminate IPAB, 2) Replace SGR, and 3) Enact MLR. (AMA). The AMA is fighting to eliminate cuts to physicians and providers. They want to achieve a new system of payment. With this new system physicians can be rewarded for the care they provide. (AMA). Goal three has the AMA fighting to fix the liability system for patients and physicians. (AMA). In time, the Affordable Care Act bill will be worked out to where it will run smoothly. During this process the AMA will ensure that the legislative process will continue to better health care for Americans. References Rohack, J. (2009, July). AMA Comments On Health Care Reform Position. In Clinical & Practice management. Retrieved February 10, 2013, from www.acep.org The Affordable Care Act: An Important First Step. (2012). In Advocacy. Retrieved February 10, 2013, from www.ama-assn.org japsen, b. (2012, June 14). The AMA, A Key Backer of Obamacare, Looks to Reboot. Retrieved February 10, 2013, from www.forbes.com

Wednesday, January 8, 2020

Biology Prefixes and Suffixes My- or Myo-

The prefix myo- or my-Â  means muscle. It is used in a number of medical terms in reference to muscles or muscle-related disease. Words Beginning With (Myo- or My-) Myalgia (my-algia): The term myalgia means muscle pain. Myalgia may occur due to muscle injury, overuse, or inflammation. Myasthenia (my-asthenia): Myasthenia is a disorder that causes muscle weakness, typically of voluntary muscles in the face. Myoblast (myo-blast):Â  The embryonic cell layer of the mesoderm germ layer that develops into muscle tissue is called myoblast. Myocarditis (myo-card-itis): This condition is characterized by inflammation of the muscular middle layer (myocardium) of the wall of the heart. Myocardium (myo-cardium): The muscular middle layer of the wall of the heart. Myocele (myo-cele): A myocele is a protrusion of a muscle through its sheath. It is also called a muscle hernia. Myoclonus (myo-clonus): A brief involuntary contraction of a muscle or muscle group is known as myoclonus. These muscle spasms occur suddenly and randomly. A hiccup is an example of a myoclonus. Myocyte (myo-cyte): A myocyte is a cell that is found in muscle tissue. Myodystonia (myo-dystonia): Myodystonia is a muscle tone disorder. Myoelectric (myo-electric):Â  This terms refers to the electrical impulses that generate muscle contractions. Myofibril (myo-fibril): A myofibril is a long, thin muscle fiber thread. Myofilament (myo-fil-ament): A myofilament is a myofibril filament composed of actin or myosin proteins. It plays an important role in the regulation of muscle contractions. Myogenic (myo-genic): This term means originating in or arising from the muscles. Myogenesis (myo-genesis): Myogenesis is the formation of muscle tissue occurring in embryonic development. Myoglobin (myo-globin): Myoglobin is the oxygen-storing protein found in muscle cells. It is only found in the bloodstream following a muscle injury. Myogram (myo-gram): A myogram is a graphical recording of muscle activity. Myograph (myo-graph): The instrument for recording muscle activity is known as a myograph. Myoid (my-oid): This term means resembling muscle or muscle-like. Myolipoma (myo-lip-oma): This is a type of cancer that consists partly of muscle cells and mostly of adipose tissue. Myology (myo-logy): Myology is the study of muscles. Myolysis (myo-lysis): This term refers to the breakdown of muscle tissue. Myoma (my-oma): A benign cancer consisting primarily of muscle tissue is called a myoma. Myomere (myo-mere): A myomere is a section of skeletal muscle that is separated from other myomeres by layers of connective tissue. Myometrium (myo-metrium): Myometrium is the middle muscular layer of the uterine wall. Myonecrosis (myo-necrosis): The death or destruction of muscle tissue is known as myonecrosis. Myorrhaphy (myo-rrhaphy): This term refers to the suture of muscle tissue. Myosin (myo-sin): Myosin is the primary contractile protein in muscle cells that enables muscle movement. Myositis (myos-itis): Myositis is muscle inflammation that causes swelling and pain. Myotome (myo-tome): A group of muscles connected by the same nerve root is called a myotome. Myotonia (myo-tonia): Myotonia is a condition in which the ability to relax a muscle is impaired. This neuromuscular condition may impact any muscle group. Myotomy (my-otomy): A myotomy is a surgical procedure that involves the cutting of a muscle. Myotoxin (myo-toxin): This is a type of toxin produced by venomous snakes that causes muscle cell death.